冉文学  刘玉杰  刘会娟  张哲

   摘 要：闭环供应链能够为企业带来一定的经济效益，随着闭环供应链的发展与完善，越来越多的企业将该理念应用到的经营中去。由于顾客需求、产品再制造成本和回收成本等因素的影响，闭环供应链受不确定性的影响较大，对闭环供应链的研究应该在不确定的环境中进行。模糊理论与闭环供应链相结合，有效地解决了不确定环境下对闭环供应链的研究。处于供应链中供给侧的制造商在制定产品定价策略时，不仅要考虑供应链中的竞争，还要考虑的供应链中的各种不确定性。本文分别研究了基于零售竞争的模糊闭环供应链集中化决策和分散化决策两种情形下的产品定价策略，通过使用博弈论和模糊理论确定处于供给侧的制造商在零售竞争下模糊闭环供应链的最优定价策略。

关键词：闭环供应链  零售竞争  博弈论  模糊理论  产品定价策略

  Abstract: With the development and improvement of the closed-loop supply chain, more and more enterprises adapt the concept of business. Competition is becoming more and more obvious in the supply chain. Due to the influence of customer demand, product re-manufacturing cost and the cost of recovery and other factors, the closed-loop supply chain is affected by the uncertainties. The research of the closed loop supply chain should be studied in the uncertain environment. The combination of fuzzy theory and closed loop supply chain can effectively solve the research of closed-loop supply chain under uncertain environment. When the manufacturers in the supply chain make product pricing strategy, they not only need consider the competition in the supply chain , but also consider the various uncertainties in the supply chain. In this paper, we studied fuzzy supply chain products pricing strategy in the centralized decision and decentralized one respectively based on retail competition. By using game theory and fuzzy theory, the optimal pricing strategy of manufacturers in the supply side is given. 

Keywords: closed-loop supply chain　retail competition　game theory　

　　　　　　fuzzy theory　products pricing strategy

引言

供应链中的竞争也日趋明显，企业与企业之间的竞争已经逐渐演变成供应链与供应链之间的竞争，供应链与供应链之间的竞争已经成为当今商业竞争的主流。随着我国经济的迅速发展，人们的生活水平也在逐步提高，需求也随之增加。与此同时，资源的消耗明显加剧，生活环境的污染程度也在不断的加大。面对这种情况，企业开始对废旧物品进行回收再利用，使得传统的供应链开始向闭环供应链转变。闭环供应链能够为企业带来一定的经济效益，随着闭环供应链的发展与完善，越来越多的企业将该理念应用到的经营中去。闭环供应链系统所带来的利益不仅吸引了很多公司和专业人士的注意，而且也吸引了很多学者的注意，越来越多的学者开始关注并研究闭环供应链的相关问题，并将学术界很多著名理论应用到闭环供应链的研究上。

本文基于闭环供应链的重要性，在模糊集理论及博弈论研究的基础上，对零售竞争下模糊闭环供应链的制造商产品进行了研究，不仅丰富了模糊闭环供应链相关理论，而且利于现代企业针对自身环境做出最优定价策略，有一定的现实意义。